Author:

Praveen Dixit

Articles

Cybercrimes & Precautions

By on October 13, 2024

Cybercrimes & precautions
Praveen Dixit


Geometrical increase in the number of cybercrimes every day and at every place, is not only alarming but also traumatic. There is no exception and it is engulfing almost everybody whether rich or poor, educated or uneducated, men and women, elderly as well as youth. The criminals are usually invisible, and if visible their identity is fake. The victims are the gullible unsuspecting persons. They easily fall prey to the tactics and the victims mostly do not report these crimes out of shame or fear or lack of awareness. When they realise, they have been cheated, considerable period has lapsed and by that time, the transactions are complete and the transferred amount has been withdrawn by the criminals.


The nature of cybercrime differs from place to place and incident to incident. It may be investment in equity market through fake portals, it could be an attractive job offer in the name of some reputed company, it could be matrimonial proposal or it may be so called digital arrest. Cybercriminals are increasingly leveraging search engine optimisation (SEO) to deceive victims. SEO manipulation allows criminals to rank fraudulent websites at the top of search results, making them appear legitimate and credible, duping victims into sharing sensitive personal and financial information. Fraudsters create fake websites that mirror legitimate businesses, online stores or financial platforms. There is a paid process to get your website at the top in search. Such websites look similar to the original. When the victim proceeds further, the money is transferred to third person through the gateway. It is suspected that bank employees could be part of such crimes while sharing victims’ documents with a third party. KYC of the bank account holder should be updated but many banks ignore this, which leads to difficulties in tracking the account information. Loan apps and gaming apps are another medium of losing private information. FedEx scam is currently at its peak.

Cybercrimes may take place through a call from unknown and fake person sometimes giving attractive offer, or it could be threatening for a crime or accident which has never taken place. It may be in the name of gas connection company asking you to update your personal details and demanding bank account details. It could be through email asking you to provide your personal bank details or a video call putting you under “digital arrest’’ and demanding instant payment of huge amounts. Till the payment is completed the fraudsters won’t allow even to leave the room. Victims may be recently retired persons interested in investing their retirement benefits at attractive returns, or unemployed youth looking for a job offer in India or abroad. It could be a young woman interested in marriage offer. There are also instances when women may be threatened with blackmailing or publishing their obscene photos. One may say every possible trick to attract you for false promises, luring you to unusual returns because of your greed, or expecting to realise your dream for which you are not eligible, the cybercriminal is likely to entice you. Obviously, persons with substantial funds fall prey to these tricks and unfortunately, they are also those who are savvy with social media, mobile handling, or computer knowledgeable.


In fraction of the cases, where law enforcing agencies have been able to nab the criminals, even these offenders themselves are not aware where the money has been transferred. Let me draw your attention to NIA statement on October 10, 2024. It read,” NIA investigations have revealed that five persons were involved in trafficking vulnerable Indian youth to the Golden Triangle Region in Lao PDR where they were forced to commit cyber scams targeting European and American citizens. They operated through the consultancy firm, All International Services, which functioned as a front for human trafficking”. (The Perfect Voice, Oct 11, 2024). It is noticed that the real culprits are either from China or Pakistan and they are causing this cybercrime havoc in India, USA, UK etc.


Apart from registering offences under Bharatya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, and I.T Act under various provisions, the RBI and other public as well as private banks are constantly alerting their customers and the public in general to guard against the fraudsters and not to disclose their account details, or not fall prey to any links for rewards. They have also publicised their helplines where the victims are asked to report at the earliest.

Government of India has issued the helpline no 1930 as well as asking victims to report to https://www.cybercrime.gov.in . Department of Telecommunication has a portal called चक्षु- for Reporting Suspected Fraud and Unsolicited Commercial Communication received within last thirty days. ( https://services.india.gov.in/service/detail/chakshu-report-suspected-fraud-communication ) It helps you in number of ways including: https://services.india.gov.in/service/service_url_redirect?id=MjQ0MTA= ; for knowing your wireline internet service provider, for reporting incoming international call with Indian number ( https://services.india.gov.in/service/service_url_redirect?id=MjQ0MDg= ) know the number of connections issued in your name ( https://services.india.gov.in/service/service_url_redirect?id=MjQwNTA=) and facility to verify mobile device using IMEI number (https://services.india.gov.in/service/service_url_redirect?id=MjQwNDg= ).


India Cybercrime Coordination Centre

Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (I4C) was established by MHA, in New Delhi to provide a framework and eco-system for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) for dealing with Cybercrime in a coordinated and comprehensive manner.

I4C is envisaged to act as the nodal point to curb Cybercrime in the country. ( https://i4c.mha.gov.in/ ) It deals with efforts in creating awareness through training law enforcing agencies in the form of Cyber योद्धा and has trained thousands of police officers in cybercrime. It also spreads awareness message through social media in the form of cyber दोस्त. According to the same, safe practices to prevent cybercrime include

1) Avoid pop ups, unknown mails and links: https://i4c.mha.gov.in/#:~:text=Avoid%20pop%2Dups%2C%20unknown%20emails%20and%20links
2) Use strong password and authentication: https://i4c.mha.gov.in/#:~:text=Use%20strong%20password%20protection%20and%20authentication
3) Install updates and backups for your data ( https://i4c.mha.gov.in/#:~:text=Install%20updates%20and%20back%20up%20your%20files)


The portal mentions cybercrimes categories such as

* cryptocurrency crime,
* cyber terrorism,
* hacking /damage of computer systems,
* online and social media related crime such as:
1. Cheating by Impersonation
2. Cyber Bullying / Stalking / Sexting
3. E-Mail Phishing Fake/Impersonating Profile

4. Impersonating Email

5. Intimidating Email

6. Online Job Fraud

7. Online Matrimonial Fraud

8. Profile Hacking / Identity Theft

9. Provocative Speech for unlawful acts

With a view to strengthen efforts in fighting cybercrime, Government of Maharashtra has recently established Cybercrime Investigation Capacity Centre. It claims to possess best global technologies including Technology Assisted Intelligence (TAI) and machine learning tools to aid investigations into crimes like cryptocurrency fraud and combat cybercrime effectively. It houses Security Operation Centre (SOC) designed to manage large scale security breaches and respond to threats targeting individuals and businesses. It has launched a new dedicated helpline -14407- in a 24*7 Command Centre. It has Computer emergency Response Team (CERT) to coordinate swift responses to cyber incidents.

Precautions:

I would conclude by urging everyone using cyberspace in the form of computer, mobile or any other electronic device to completely refrain from responding to any calls from unknown mobile number from India or abroad, or email, or video calls. In case you want to respond, first verify the details of the person, calling you or sending email or the link. Constant awareness alone can protect your life, money, dignity and reputation from the ever-increasing cybercriminals.

I would also urge the Government of India to make use of these portals and helplines available for 24*7 and make them user friendly so that everyone is able to follow these. Government also must ensure security of the personal data which is being shared by online firms, banks, investment centres. Fraudsters are able to access this data easily. In fact, the government must come up with legal enactment to prevent the same and stern action needs to be taken against those who leak this data. Efforts may also need to be made to study the new technological innovations in other advanced countries which are able to precisely locate and nab the cybercriminals wherever they may be operating from. The coordination efforts with international organisations and governments of other countries need to be stepped up to save Indians from these borderless cybercriminals.

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Articles

तंत्रज्ञानाने चकमकी टाळता येतील

By on October 5, 2024

तंत्रज्ञानाने चकमकी टाळता येतील
         – प्रवीण दीक्षित


                नक्षलवादी, अंडरवर्ल्डशी संबंधित लोक, दहशतवादी यांचा ठावठिकाणा शोधण्यासाठी, त्यांची माहिती मिळवण्यासाठी यंत्रणा बरेचदा रस्त्यावर उतरते. अशा वेळी असमाजिक तत्त्वांकडून गोळीबार वा अन्य प्रकारच्या हल्ल्याद्वारे पोलिसांना धोका पोहोचवण्याचा प्रयत्न होतो. अशा वेळी त्यांना नियंत्रणात आणण्यासाठी पोलिसांकडून दिल्या जाणाऱ्या प्रत्युत्तराला ‌‘एन्काउंटर‌’ म्हणतात. अलिकडच्या घटना अशा असतात का?

              बदलपूरमधील लहान मुलींवरील अत्याचाराच्या आणि संबंधित गुन्हेगार पोलिसांकडून मारला गेल्याच्या घटनेनंतर उठलेले चर्चेचे वादळ खूप मोठे आहे. या एका घटनेने अनेक प्रश्न उपस्थित केले आहेत. त्याच अनुषंगाने महाराष्ट्रात एन्काउंटर संस्कृती बळावत असल्याची शंकाही व्यक्त केली जात आहे. अशा पद्धतीने गुन्हेगारांना संपवणे योग्य आहे की नाही, यासारखे अनेक विषय चर्चेत येत आहेत. या पार्श्वभूमीवर सर्वप्रथम एन्काउंटर आणि पोलिसांनी स्वसंरक्षणासाठी केलेली कारवाई यातील फरक समजून घ्यायला हवा.


              अनेक असामाजिक तत्त्व वेगवेगळ्या कारणांनी पोलिसांवर हल्ला करु शकतात. जसे की, दरोडेखोरांच्या टोळीचा शोध घेण्यासाठी पोलीस मागे गेल्यास संशयित दरोडेखोर हल्ला करतात. बरेचदा महिलांना पुढे करुन संशयितांकडून हल्ला केला जातो. अनेक ठिकाणी वाहतुकीचे नियमन करणाऱ्या पोलिसाने बेशिस्त वाहनाला थांबवले तर राग धरुन वा नशेच्या अमलाखाली लोक त्यांच्यावर हल्ला करु शकतात. पोलिसाला धक्का देत प्रसंगी गाडीच्या बॉनेटवर चढवून गाडी दामटवत राहतात. दंगल वा दहशत माजवण्याच्या उद्देशाने रस्त्यावर उतरणाऱ्या गटाचे उद्दिष्ट सरकारी संपत्तीचे नुकसान करणे कवा पोलिसांवर हल्ला करणे, त्यांना ठार मारणे असे असू शकते. नक्षलग्रस्त भागामध्ये नक्षली चळवळींमध्ये सहभागी असणारे आपल्या सुरक्षित अड्ड्यांवर कारवाई करण्यास येणाऱ्या पोलिसांवर हल्ला करतात. स्वत:जवळचे बाँब, बंदुका वा अशाच घातक शस्त्रांचा त्यासाठी वापर केला जातो. आतापर्यंत सांगितलेल्या या सगळ्या प्रकारांमध्ये शासन व्यवस्था कायम ठेवण्यासाठी शासनाच्या वतीने पोलिसांना  शस्त्र दिलेले असते. जमाव हिंसक होऊन नुकसान करत असेल तर त्यावर नियंत्रणात आणण्यासाठी पोलिसांना बळाचा वापर करावाच लागतो. अर्थात बळाचा वापर करतानाही तो कमीत कमी आणि योग्य परिणाम होईल, अशा रितीने करण्याविषयी उच्च आणि सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने सूचित केले आहे.


                बदलापूरच्या घटनेतील आरोपीच्या बाबतीतील घटनाक्रम लक्षात घेतला तर त्याने पोलिसाकडील पिस्तुल खेचून गोळीबार करण्यामागे निश्चितच त्यांना जीवे मारण्याचा   प्रयत्न स्पष्ट होता. गाडीमध्ये प्रवास सुरू असताना मध्ये अगदी दोनफूट जागा असल्यामुळे गुन्हेगाराला पिस्तुल खेचणे शक्य होते. या झटापटीतून शस्त्र अनलॉक होऊन तीन वेळा गोळीबार करण्याची घटना घडली. यात सहाय्यक पोलीस निरिक्षक जखमी झाला. अशा परिस्थितीत गुन्हेगाराचा पोलिसांना ठार मारण्याचा उद्देश स्पष्ट दिसत असताना पोलिसांनी स्वत:चे संरक्षण करण्यासाठी आणि गुन्हेगाराला नियंत्रणात आणण्यासाठी गोळीबार करुन प्रत्युत्तर देणे अत्यावश्यक होते. याला काही एन्काउंटर म्हणता येत नाही. पोलिसांनी स्वसंरक्षणासाठी नाईलाजाने केलेला हा गोळीबार होता.
आता आपण एन्काउंटर कशाला म्हणतात ते बघू या. नक्षलवादी, अंडरवर्ल्डशी संबंधित लोक, दहशतवादी यांचा ठावठिकाणा शोधण्यासाठी, त्यांची माहिती मिळवण्यासाठी यंत्रणा जाते आणि वर उल्लेख केलेल्या असमाजिक तत्त्वांकडून त्यांना धोका पोहोचवण्याचा प्रयत्न होतो, म्हणजेच गोळीबार वा अन्य प्रकारचा हल्ला होतो तेव्हा त्यांना नियंत्रणात आणण्यासाठी पोलिसांकडून दिल्या जाणाऱ्या प्रत्युत्तराला एन्काउंटर म्हणतात. खरे सांगायचे तर ही एक प्रकारची लढाईच असते. एका बाजूने शस्त्रांचा वापर होत असल्यामुळे पोलिसांना त्यांच्या बाजूने शस्त्रांचा वापर करावा लागतो. म्हणूनच उच्च न्यायालयानेही बदलापूर केसमधील आरोपीच्या संदर्भातील घटनेसाठी ‌‘एन्काउंटर‌’ हा शब्द वापरलेला नाही, उलटपक्षी, हे एन्काउंटर नसल्याचे त्यांनी सांगितले आहे.
कैदी तुरुंगात असले तरी विविध कारणांसाठी अनेकदा त्यांना न्यायालयात न्यावे लागते. त्यांना रुग्णालयात न्यावे लागते. अशा प्रसंगी गुन्हेगार डॉक्टरांवर हल्ला करण्याच्या घटना घडू शकतात. संधी मिळाली की ते पळून जाण्याचा प्रयत्न करु शकतात. आत्महत्येचाही प्रयत्न करतात. अशी अनेक उदाहरणे आपल्या वाचनात असतात. अनेकदा तपासात ‌‘सीन रिक्रिएट करणे‌’ हा प्रकार असतो. यामध्ये प्रत्यक्ष गुन्हा घडलेल्या ठिकाणी गुन्हेगारांना न्यावे लागते आणि तिथे त्यांची चौकशी वा विचारपूस करावी लागते. म्हणजेच अशा वेगवेगळ्या कारणासाठी तुरुगांतून बाहेर नेत असताना आरोपींना अन्यांकडून वा आरोपींकडून अन्य लोकांना मोठा धोका असतो. हीच बाब लक्षात घेऊन भारत सरकारने एक जुलै 2023 पासून नवीन फौजदारी कायदे लागू केले आहेत. त्यात अधोरेखित केलेली बाब सगळीकडे डिजिटलायझेशनचा वापर करण्याची आहे. याचा अर्थ असा की आता प्रत्येक कारागृहामध्ये व्हिडिओ कॉन्फरन्सिंगची सोय आहे. याचा वापर करुन तुरुंगात बंदिस्त असणारे आरोपी न्यायाधिशांसमोर साक्ष देऊ शकतात. ते याच पद्धतीने रुग्णालयात डॉक्टरांशी बोलून टेली मेडिसिनचा वापर करु शकतात. नातेवाईक वा अन्य लोकांशी व्हिडिओ कॉलच्या माध्यमातून संवाद साधू शकतात. म्हणजेच त्यांना प्रत्यक्ष हलवण्याची कमीत कमी गरज भासते.


                थोडक्यात, भविष्यात अशा घटना टाळायच्या असतील तर तंत्रज्ञानाचा अधिकाधिक वापर होणे गरजेचे आहे. सुरक्षेच्या दृष्टीने अत्यावश्यक असणारी ही बाब न्यायाधीश, सुरक्षा अधिकारी, डॉक्टर या सगळ्यांनी लवकरात लवकर आणि ताकदीने आत्मसात करणे आणि त्याचा जास्तीत जास्त वापर करणे आवश्यक आहे. यात कैदयाची सुरक्षाही अबाधित राहू शकते. आधी उल्लेख केल्याप्रमाणे बरेचदा गुन्हेगारांना तुरुंगातून न्यायालयात नेताना संतप्त जनसमुदायाकडून जीवघेणा हल्ला होण्याची शक्यता असते. तुरुंगाच्या आवारातच लोकांनी ठार मारलेल्या नागपूर येथील अक्कू यादवची घटना वाचकांच्या स्मरणात असेल. उत्तर प्रदेशमधील एक घटनाही खूप चर्चेत होती. तिथे पूर्वी खासदार असणारा आतिक भयंकर गुन्हेगार म्हणून कुख्यात होता. असा हा माणूस न्यायाधिशांपुढे जाण्यासाठी गाडीतून उतरला आणि त्याच क्षणी बाजूने आलेल्या चार लोकांनी त्याच्यावर गोळीबार केला. म्हणजेच असे प्रकार बरेचदा घडले आहेत. तुम्ही कैद्याला तुरुंगाबाहेर काढता तेव्हा त्याच्या मनात वा त्याच्याबद्दल लोकांच्या मनात काय भावना आहेत यावर कोणीही नियंत्रण ठेवू शकत नाही. स्वाभाविकच निर्माण होणाऱ्या परिस्थितीचा परिणाम काय होईल, हेदेखील कोणीच सांगू शकत नाही. म्हणूनच नियंत्रण मिळवण्यासाठी आणि स्वत:चे संरक्षण करण्यासाठी पोलिसांना ऐन वेळी काही महत्त्वपूर्ण निर्णय घ्यावे लागतात. तो कोणताही पूर्वरचित कट नसतो तर परिस्थितीमुळे निर्माण झालेली एक समस्या असते. ही बाब स्विकारणे गरजेचे आहे.


या समस्येवर मात करायची तर तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर करुन गुन्हेगारांसंदर्भातील निर्णय घेणे, तशी खबरदारी घेणे अत्यावश्यक आहे. पूर्वी ही सोयही नव्हती आणि स्वाभाविकच त्याला मान्यताही नव्हती. मात्र आता बदलत्या परिस्थितीत सरकारकडून अधिकृत मान्यता मिळाली असताना सुनावणी वा अन्य प्रकारांसाठी नव्या तंत्राचा वापर करायला हवा. त्यामुळे गुन्हेगारांबरोबर पोलीस आणि आजूबाजूचा समाजही सुरक्षित राहू शकेल. यातूनच पुढे असे प्रकार वाढत आहेत की कमी होत आहेत, हा मुद्दाच राहणार नाही. तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर केला तर अशा घटनांना कायमस्वरुपी चाप बसेल. त्या कधीच घडणार नाहीत. याच्याशी संबंधित आणखी एक बाब म्हणजे गरज वाटली तर न्यायाधिश स्वत: तुरुंगात जाऊन न्यायालय सुरू करु शकतात. पुण्याला जनरल वैद्य यांच्या खुनाच्या प्रकरणी ही पद्धत अंमलात आणली गेली होती. संबंधित खटल्याचे कामकाज पाहणाऱ्या न्यायाधिशांनी येरवड्याच्या तुरुंगातच न्यायालय सुरू केले होते. यामुळे आरोपीला बाहेर काढण्याचा प्रश्न, निर्माण होणारा धोकाच नाहिसा झाला. गडचिरोलीच्या नक्षलवाद्यांबाबतचे अनेक खटले सध्या याच पद्धतीने चालवले जातात. नक्षली नागपूरच्या तुरुंगात असतील आणि न्यायाधिश गडचिरोलीला असतील तर अनेकदा न्यायाधिश महोदय आपल्या खोलीत बसून ऑनलाईन पद्धतीने खटले निकाली काढताना दिसतात. 2008 च्या मुंबई बाँबस्फोटातील आरोपी असणारा हेडली अमेरिकेत होता. मात्र त्याची ऑनलाईन साक्ष घेण्यात आली होती. म्हणजेच पूर्वीपासून या पद्धतीचा वापर आणि उपयुक्तता सिद्ध होत आली आहे. आता हे तंत्रज्ञान सर्रास आणि सर्व ठिकाणी वापरणे तेवढे गरजेचे आहे. विशेषत: संवेदनशील खटल्यांमध्ये न्यायाधिशांकडूनच या पद्धतीचा अवलंब करण्याच्या सूचना दिल्या जाणे गरजेचे वाटते. वकील वर्गानेही त्यात सहकार्य करण्याचे आवश्यक आहे.

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Articles

Salient features of B N S S 2023 from police perspective

By on October 4, 2024

Salient features of B N S S 2023 from police perspective Praveen Dixit, IPS DGP ( Retired)

Significance of BNSS

  • Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita , 2023 , came in effect from 1 July 2024
  • Replaces Criminal Procedure Code
  • Applicable throughout India except State of Nagaland and some tribal areas of Assam
  • There are 531 sections instead of earlier 434
  • Changes made in 177 sections
  • 9 new sections have been added
  • 14 sections have been deleted

Important changes

  • Appreciating technological innovations, it recognises ‘audio-video electronic means’ which includes any communication device for the purposes of video conferencing, recording of processes, of identification, search and seizure or evidence, transmission of electronic communication and for such other purposes as the State Govt may provide by Rules
  • ‘Electronic communication’ means communication of any written, verbal, pictorial information or video content by an electronic device including a telephone, mobile phone or other wireless telecommunication device or computer/audio-video player/camera
  • It is victim-centric

Arrest of persons

  • Details provided in Chapter V
  • In cognisable offences, police may arrest
  • To prevent such person from committing any further offence
  • For proper investigation of the offence
  • To prevent such person from tampering the evidence
  • To prevent such person from influencing the witnesses
  • To ensure presence of such person before the court
  • In non-cognisable offence, police shall not arrest a person against whom the complaint is made, without warrant or order of a Magistrate

Precautions in arresting

  • Police officer who makes arrest, will bear an accurate, visible, and clear identification of his name
  • Prepare a memorandum which will be countersigned by the person arrested
  • Inform the person arrested that he has a right to have a relative or a friend or any other person named by him to be informed
  • Details of arrested persons including their names, addresses, nature of the offence shall be prominently displayed in any manner including digital mode in every police station and district headquarters
  • Search of female will be made another female decently

Examination of arrested person

  • Arrested person shall be examined by registered medical practitioner
  • Examination shall include examination of blood stains, semen, swabs, in case of sexual offences, sputum, and sweat, hair r samples, and finger nail clippings by the use of modern and scientific techniques including DNA profiling and such other tests which are considered necessary.
  • If a registered medical practitioner from government hospital is not available in the radius of sixteen kilo meters, examination may be done by any registered medical practitioner
  • If female is arrested, she will be examined under the supervision of female medical officer/female registered medical practitioner

Summons

  • Summons can be in an encrypted or any other form of electronic communication and shall bear the image of the seal of the Court or digital signature
  • Summons bearing the image of the Court’s seal can be served by electronic communication in such form and in such manner , as the State Government may, by rules, provide

Utilising Forensic experts

  • Sec 176:Offences which are punishable for seven years or more, forensic expert shall visit the crime scene to collect forensic evidence and cause videography of the process on mobile phone or any other electronic device.
  • Sec 179: During investigation, recording of the statement of male person under the age of fifteen years or above the age of sixty years or a woman or a mentally or physically disabled person or a person with acute illness shall be done at residence of such person.
  • Statements of witnesses may also be recorded by audio-video electronic means

Detention period

  • Sec 187:If the investigation cannot be completed in twenty –four hours, and if the accused is not released on bail, authorise, from time to time, detention in custody for a term not exceeding fifteen days in the whole or in parts during initial forty days
  • Magistrate may authorise detention of the accused for a period of ninety days in offences punishable with life imprisonment or a term of ten years or more
  • And for sixty days where investigation relates to any offence
  • Police custody may be extended only when person is produced in person. But judicial custody can be extended even through audiovideo electronic means

Diary of proceedings in investigation

  • Sec 192: In every investigation, police shall maintain a diary, which will mention timing when investigation started,, closed, places visited and statement of the circumstances
  • Diary shall be paginated.
  • Neither the accused nor his agent is entitled to call for such diaries nor can they see this
  • On completion of investigation, police shall forward a report and other documents including by electronic communication to the Magistrate who will provide these to the accused.
  • Progress to be informed within ninety days including by electronic communication to the informant or the victim

Death, rape in police custody

  • Further investigation may be conducted with the permission of the Court.
  • Sec 196: when a person in police custody or any other custody dies or disappears, or rape is alleged empowered Magistrate may hold an inquiry into the cause of death and rape either instead of ,or in addition to, the investigation held by the police officer
  • When such enquiry is conducted, Magistrate shall allow relatives to remain present at the inquiry
  • Relative means parents, children, brothers , sisters and spouse.

Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode

  • Sec 530: All trials, inquiries, and proceedings including
  1. Issuance, service and execution of summons and warrant;
  2. Examination of complainant, and witnesses;
  3. Recording of evidence in inquiries and trials; an
  4. All appellate proceedings or any other proceeding, may be held in electronic mode, by use of electronic communication or use of audio-video electronic means

References

Articles

Indo-Bangla Relations

By on October 4, 2024

Indo-Bangla Relations

Praveen Dixit

Pravindixit77@gmail.com

Recent developments overthrowing Hasina-led government in August 2024 are a fait accmpli.

Causes which led to the collapse

Internal fractions: Radicals headed by Jamat-e-Islami, Bangla Desh, Hifajat-E-Islam, which runs more than 25000 mosques, political opponents led by BNP of Zia, group led by Md. Yunus under the influence of western countries particularly US contributed to escalating the crisis.

Following Covid pandemic, economy was in shambles as Bangla Des has garment factories, but the fabric comes from India. Garment industry was in doldrums. Inflation is very high and sufferings of the people are manyfold.

External influences: Awami party founded by Mujibur Rahman, his daughter Sh. Hasina were perceived to be under the influence of India, though this group was working to keep Bangla Desh away from the unreasonable demands from external pressures particularly USA, China and Pakistan. US wants an island to oversee China, China desires to have access to waters to enable her exports of its cheap products, Pakistan claims, religiously both the regions have common identity, historically they were part of the same country. Civil war in Myanmar among Buddhists and Rohingyas has forced Bangla Desh to admit Rohingyas who are Muslims in the country. Though, they are Muslims, Bangla Desh is not happy with them and is happy if they are pushed in India.

Problems faced by India:

Mostly due to economic reasons, Muslims as well as few Hindus are continuously infiltrating illegally in India from all possible places. The number of such Muslims is only to be imagined as there are several pockets in India where they are able to find safe heavens along with religious sympathizers. For getting cheap labor, Hindu households, contractors, companies are welcoming their illegal stay. A few state governments such as West Bengal are promoting their reckless entry for 2vote politics in their favor. Demographic assault has put entire labor market under strain.

Many artisans from traditional profession have been replaced by Bangla Deshis. Many mosques in India have Maulvis from Bangla Desh and are rabidly propagating radicalism. This has increased threat of ISIS, Al Quaid on Indian soil. This is likely to get further aggravated. Bangla Deshis aided and abided by Pakistan are going to exacerbate various crimes including cyber offences, fake currency, terrorist activities, prostitution, kidnapping, love-jihad incidents and most importantly launching of disinformation campaign. To counter these, any stringent and stern action against Bangla Dash would push it further into the lap of India’s adversaries including Pakistan, China as well as USA. Moreover, India may have to fight war by proxy by Bangla Deshis, trained and funded by Pakistan. Demographic threat to North Eastern and Eastern region, and other parts of India is imminent.

Measures: to counter the threat:

Find out areas of mutual interest so that meaningful dialogue can proceed Areas bordering with Bangla Desh need to be secured using newer technologies such as drones, satellites as well as ground infrastructure State governments need to be directed to intensify measures to identify illegal migrants and segregate them. Government of India needs to create a separate Ministry for Immigrants immediately which would focus on the issue of illegal immigrants as well as ensure people who have entered legally, but have not left, leave India accordingly. Most of the developed countries in the world including USA, UK, Japan etc. have a separate Ministry to look after this important security concern. At present, IB under MHA has peripheral arrangements restricted to managing air check-posts and CsP, SsP, of the districts look after visa extension procedure.

But there is no trained machinery to identify illegal immigrants and ensure their deportation. Even after 75 years of independence, the problem is getting worse and there is no authority which can be held accountable to same. Aadhar card centers, passport offices, banks which help in regularizing stay of Bangla Deshis in India need to be more scrupulous before they accept the applicants. Cases involving fraudulent activities at the places are rampant. Law enforcing agencies need to be trained to identify and deport illegal immigrants. Government of India may consider introducing work permit facility for Bangla Deshis entering in India legally. Joint action force be considered against Rohingyas. May associate Bangla Desh as well in this endeavor. All trade and commercial activities of more than rupees 5000 be compulsorily done through UPI/online to control the menace of fake currency being pushed through neighboring countries including Bangladesh.

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